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Tailings Dam:
Structural Integrity Monitoring

Tailings dams are built from the mine’s own sandy waste — not engineered concrete. Sandy foundations, fine silts, and ultra-fine slimes create a structure where water pressure controls everything. See how PWI sensors track the invisible forces inside a tailings dam from foundation to crest.

Dam Material Zones (Base to Top)

Foundation (Native Rock)2.2 g/cm³Stable
Coarse Sand Shell1.9 g/cm³Moderate
Fine Tailings Core1.7 g/cm³Weak
Slimes / Beach1.4 g/cm³Liquefiable
Normal Operations
BaselineLOW
BaselineMonth 4Month 8Month 12Month 16Month 18Month 20Month 24
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Phreatic Level

15m above toe

Pore Pressure (Ru)

0.15

Seepage Rate

5 L/min

Factor of Safety

2.2

How PWI Protects Tailings Facilities

01

Deploy Sensors

Place passive sensors on crest, upstream face, downstream face, foundation, and toe drain. No drilling required.

02

Monitor Phreatic Surface

Track the water level inside the dam body — the single most important factor controlling structural stability.

03

Detect Piping Early

Gravity anomaly changes reveal seepage concentration and internal erosion months before visible symptoms appear.

04

Trigger Intervention

Automated alerts when pore pressure or phreatic levels exceed thresholds — enabling drawdown before critical failure.

Understanding Tailings Dam Failure

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Phreatic Surface Monitoring

The water level INSIDE the dam matters more than the pond level. When the phreatic surface rises toward the downstream face, the dam loses its structural integrity. PWI tracks this invisible surface continuously.

Pore Pressure & Liquefaction

Sandy tailings can liquefy when pore water pressure exceeds the weight of the material above. The fine tailings core and slimes layer are most vulnerable — they can transition from solid to fluid in seconds. Ru > 0.8 = liquefaction risk.

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Early Warning System

Piping (internal erosion) is invisible until it’s too late. PWI detects the density changes and seepage concentration that precede piping — providing months of warning. Brumadinho had 12 seconds of warning. PWI provides months.

The PWI Difference

✗ Without Continuous Monitoring

  • • Brumadinho (2019): 270 killed, 12 seconds warning
  • • Mount Polley (2014): 25M m³ released into waterways
  • • Visual inspections miss internal erosion
  • • Piezometers give point data, not volumetric
  • • $2\u201350B+ in liability per catastrophic failure

✓ With PWI Monitoring

  • • Continuous 3D phreatic surface tracking
  • • Volumetric pore pressure monitoring (not point samples)
  • • Early piping detection via density changes
  • • GISTM compliance for international standards
  • • Automated threshold alerts with intervention time

Protect Your Tailings Facility

Every tailings dam failure was preceded by invisible changes that sensors could have detected. Deploy PWI before those changes become catastrophic.